Various methods and techniques can be used in the work; it is not difficult for the teacher to select visual material: dishes, albums, illustrations, photographs, transparencies, posters, postcards, but not everyone is able to demonstrate correctly the drawing techniques and brushwork techniques of the masters. Today we will try to remember and master the ABC of brush painting using the example of Khokhloma, Gzhel and Zhostovo painting. We will learn to draw flowers - the most beautiful, common and complex element of the pattern.

Secrets of the masters Before you start drawing a flower, let's practice writing strokes. To make the strokes beautiful and neat in brush painting, masters use special brushes: round squirrel or core brushes 1, 2,3 - in Khokhloma painting, 2, 3 and 6 - in Gzhel and Zhostovo. The tip of the brush bristle should be very thin. At the beginning of training, it is important to hold the brush correctly. It must be in a strictly vertical position relative to the work. The brush is held in the hand by three fingers: thumb, index and middle, so that the direction of movement of the brush is carried out by the middle finger.

The ABC of brush strokes Flat stroke (brush 6) - draw the entire bristle straight and sharply lift the brush from the middle of the bristles. Let's practice in different directions from left to right, right to left and top to bottom, bottom to top. Let's combine several flat strokes in the shape of an oval and we will get the first element in the painting, the “crown”, used as the upper part of the flower. “Droplet” smear. Place the brush vertically, press to the middle, move the brush down and move to the tip. We draw the second stroke together with the first on the right side - we get the first simple element “heart”. The comma stroke is done in the same way as the flat stroke, but with a twist to the left or right. If you draw two or three strokes together, you get an element of the flower pattern - a “petal”.

We start the zigzag stroke from the tip of the brush, turn the brush in one direction, press it to the middle and turn it in the other direction, finish the stroke with the end of the brush. Let's try to draw the “stem” element - two “zigzag” strokes together. A “flat” stroke is a two-color stroke; we put colored paint on one side of the brush, remove the excess, and take white on the other side. We put a smear so that we get two colors on the sheet at once. We practice drawing strokes “flat, droplet, comma and zigzag”. Let's try to implement the “leaf” element. To do this, take two colors of yellow and green on the brush and draw two “commas”, so that in the center of the leaf there is one color of paint.

Secrets of Gzhel painting “Penumbra” brushstroke. We take a half-damp brush from the palette and make a few strokes. After painting 2-3 strokes, you need to rinse the brush and pick up paint again, then you will get a stroke that is dark on one side and lighter on the other. Curbs. The ornament is wide and uses elements of dots, strokes, and arcs.

We draw flowers based on Gzhel painting Materials. We use watercolor paint cobalt, brush 1, 3, 6, white paper and a piece of exercise paper. Bud. Let’s start drawing the upper unopened part of the rose “bud” - draw two “comma” strokes similar to the “cup”. And two petals from the bud in the same way from top to bottom. We turn the brush down to the left and to the right, draw straight short strokes of “droplets” - two more petals of the bud. We start with the tip of the brush and end with the base. Then take brush 3 and apply the same strokes on top of the bud, getting a shadow. With brush 1, we complete the “mesh” element inside the bud - with sloping strokes, in one direction or the other, and decorate it with a “tendril” on top. Draw a thin stem and “droplet” leaves.

Flower. Place the comma strokes horizontally to create an oval. Beneath it are still the same broad strokes, similar to the “bowl” element. Now we draw the petals, like a bud, only three on each side. Draw a deep shadow. We draw a thin, long stem, finishing with a “droplet” stroke. We decorate the flower with “antennae” and “berries”. Leaves. We draw with brush 6, 3 – “droplet” strokes. Let's finish drawing the grass. Fern grass. First, draw a long stem rounded at the end. Stepping back from the bottom edge, draw “droplet” strokes parallel to each other in decreasing size.

Secrets of Zhostovo painting Double stroke. The peculiarity of a double stroke is color and shade, for example white and red, white and blue, green and yellow. Dip the brush into red paint, remove the excess, and then fill the tip with white paint and draw and draw a stroke. Stages of work. On a black background, spots of flowers and leaves are first painted, their silhouette is called “underpainting”, then “shadowing” - the darkest colors are drawn - shadows, bright colors are applied on top - this is the “lining”. And then “glare” - glare, animation, flowers become like real ones. The last ones are applied with white strokes - called the “drawing” and the stems and antennae are drawn - the “binding”. The last stage. They draw a border - decorate it with a thin pattern, along the edge in yellow - gold.

We draw flowers based on Zhostovo painting Materials. Gouache, brush 6, 1. palette, black paper with a diameter of 20 cm, exercise sheet. Bud. We use the “double stroke” technique. We take colored paint onto the brush, remove the excess, and add white paint to the tip. The first one is to draw a vertical “comma” stroke, the second one is to draw a “zigzag” next to it and go to the “comma”. We close the bud with long leaves, zigzag strokes - left, right, front and back (the color of the stroke is green-yellow). We outline the base of the bud with a “comma” stroke. We finish painting a thin stem with thorns with brush 1. We draw 3 leaves with a brush - two “comma” strokes together. We apply “highlight” and “drawing”.

Flower. Draw a circle with the whole brush, twist the brush in one place. Let's move on to the lower petals of the flower. The first petal is vertical, similar to a “heart” element. Second from the left and right under the circle. Still others are longer and slope downward. Let's move on to the upper petals. We outline the circle with two “comma” strokes, in the middle of the circle we draw a “droplet” and next to it two “comma” strokes. We apply “highlight” and “drawing”. Leaves. The first large ones, large ones from 1 to 3. Draw a “heart” outline with the end of the brush. Using a double stroke, we then draw the veins of the leaf - from top to bottom from the middle of the leaf we apply “comma” strokes to each other. We apply “highlight” and “drawing”. Additionally, we decorate with grass - “binding”. Grass. Zigzag strokes are applied to a thin long stem in parallel and in descending order. Complement the “drawing”.

Secrets of Khokhloma Khokhloma painting is divided into three main types: “mountain” or “grass”, “under the background” and “kudrina”. The peculiarity of Khokhloma painting is the curl from which all the elements are curled and four colors are used: red, black, yellow, green. Learning brush painting begins with performing the elements of “grass” on a sheet of paper - sedges, drops, curls, tendrils, bushes. Distinctive feature strokes in that they begin and end with the end of the brush, and the movements are always rounded. Grass pattern. “Sedges” and “antennae” are drawn with the end of the brush, “blades of grass” and “curls” - by pressing on the middle of the brush pile, they begin and end with the tip of the brush. You can start drawing the “bush” from bottom to top or top to bottom.

We draw flowers based on Khokhloma painting Materials. Gouache, brushes 1.3, yellow paper with a diameter of 20 cm, sheet for exercises. Bud. We draw two strokes of “grass” opposite each other to create a “heart” element, starting from the tip of the brush and ending with a jerky movement of the hand. On the left and right we draw petals similar to the “stem” element - a double “comma” stroke, always starting from the tip of the brush. At the bottom we place a point with the “leg” of the brush. Decorate with black “droplets”.

Flower. Draw a vertical “droplet” stroke. On one side there is a double “comma” stroke, which is longer than the “drop” and goes around it. On the other side of the “droplet” there is the same element, but longer. We also draw a triple stroke on the left, then on the right, and the last one on the left is the same. Let's start drawing the lower petals of the flower. To the right and left of the bottom of the flower we draw petals that look like a “crow’s foot”; they should be long. Then the same petals, first one in the middle, then two between them. We decorate all the petals with black “droplets”. Bush. We start drawing 2-3 “sedges” on one side of the bush, then 1-2 “blades of grass”, a large “curl” and end with “droplets”. Symmetrically draw the same strokes on the other side of the bush. Decorate with black “antennae”.

Gzhel, a small town in the Moscow region, is the center of Russia's famous artistic craft. The so-called Gzhel bush occupies a vast territory and includes 27 villages, the population of which has long been engaged in painting a variety of products from snow-white porcelain and earthenware. The history of Gzhel fishing can be traced back to the 14th century, from the very time when a rich clay deposit was discovered near Moscow. The material was heterogeneous: in the upper layers there were layers of simple red “shirevka”, below there were layers of pale yellow “fur”, and in the very depths there was “soap” - the most delicate white clay, an excellent material for the manufacture of high-quality porcelain and earthenware products.

Pharmacy needs

For some time, dishes and other kitchen utensils were made from white clay. Then the Tsar's Pharmacy Decree appeared, ordering the sending of all extracted raw materials to Moscow for the needs of medicine and pharmaceuticals. The production of kitchen utensils had to be postponed, but after some time additional deposits of white clay were discovered, and thus there was already enough material for both pharmacies and pottery production. During the time of abundance of raw materials, an artistic craft called Gzhel was born.

World fame

The patterns of which are distinguished by a special style began to spread throughout Russia. At first, artists used multi-colored paints. Then Gzhel painting, patterns, themes of the drawing and the general style changed somewhat. The main color was bright cobalt blue paint. Since then, Gzhel painting, whose patterns are admired by people all over the world, has become a classic combination of two colors - white and blue. Genuine products do not allow any other shades; only in some cases the artist can use them for light decoration.

Heyday

The famous Gzhel plant theme and much more that forms the basis of the unique artistic style) developed in the 19th century. In rich Russian homes, it was considered good manners to serve the dinner table with dishes made of Gzhel porcelain. First of all, behind this was patriotism, pride in one’s country. In addition, white and blue plates and tureens were an order of magnitude cheaper than Meissen porcelain.

The images on the products were also exclusively Russian themed. Hunting with dogs, dancing on Maslenitsa, the procession of the cross on Easter and many other events of a truly Russian nature were depicted on tableware. Thus, Gzhel painting, the patterns of which were close in spirit to the Russians, became increasingly popular.

Handmade

At the beginning of the 20th century, factory owners in the Moscow region made attempts to put the production of white and blue products on stream, but this idea failed. Gzhel patterns must certainly be made by hand by experienced artists who are able to put their soul into their work. Mechanical drawing destroys the essence of art, the product becomes faceless.

Gzhel painting, patterns and ornaments, geometric figures or scenes from village life - all this is the result of the creativity of talented artists working at the Gzhel Bush folk art enterprises. The first sign of the artist’s skill is the presence of halftones in the painting, when pale blue strokes alternate with bright and saturated ones.

Gzhel painting: patterns

A flower, its delicate petals, a plant stem, leaves on thin cuttings... All this is a classic theme of Gzhel painting. Plants are depicted in a stylized form, but they characteristic features visible, currant berries cannot be confused with viburnum, and gooseberries cannot be called rose hips, even though all the plants, flowers and berries are the same bright blue color.

Children's theme

A significant part of Gzhel folk crafts is dedicated to children. These are horses and elephants, donkeys and foals, painted trailers with a train, cars and planes with Gzhel painting. Patterns for children are just as skillful as those for adults, but the artist approaches his work with much greater responsibility. After all, a child should under no circumstances be disappointed. Therefore, artists, when starting to paint toys and other children's products, try to do the job as best as possible.

Master classes

In the production associations of Gzhel folk art crafts there are sections for training those wishing to master the art of painting. Future artists take special courses in drawing and technologies for creating the famous blue and white porcelain products, and master a type of folk craft such as Gzhel painting. The patterns for beginners are simplified, however, the learning process consists of several stages.

The first lessons include learning to draw, or rather, to draw the contours of a future image. The strokes are applied with a medium-soft drawing pencil onto Whatman paper without pressure, so that poorly marked lines can be erased with an eraser.

After the outline drawing is ready, you can start coloring. It is better to make a test image with water-soluble paint - watercolor, acrylic or gouache. Any brush will do for this, but to start, you can use number 2. On a separate piece of paper, you should make several strokes to select a blue color that is suitable in saturation. Then you need to try to draw a flower. If the image on paper turns out well, then at the next stage you can begin painting the ceramic product.

Variety of patterns

The database of each Gzhel ceramics enterprise contains plot and thematic sketches that are used, if necessary, by technologists. A variety of Gzhel paintings, patterns, photographs, drawings, copies - everything comes into play when you need to launch the next series of products.

Author's products are produced in separate batches, when the products are maintained in exclusivity status from start to finish. Their shape is unique, their painting is inimitable. This type of Gzhel is highly valued; connoisseurs try to purchase this particular product. First-class products differ from ordinary ones in the detailed elaboration of the design. The artist draws the smallest nuances, and as a result, a true masterpiece of Gzhel folk craft is born.

Sales on site

Recently, a good tradition has emerged - in Gzhel production, opening a store selling products of local craftsmen. have become more accessible and the choice has increased. Large enterprises Gzhel fishery started producing super services, similar to those supplied to the imperial court in the 19th century. Representatives of previous generations remember dinnerware sets containing 120 or more pieces. There were also smaller sets, for 12 people out of 84 items. And very small ones, for two, called “Tete-a-tete”. There was even a miniature set for one person, called “Egoist”.

Tsarist monopoly

In those distant times, a lot of Gzhel products went abroad. Europeans exported products of Russian craftsmen by wagonload. This went on for quite a long time, until the Russian Imperial Treasury Department became the main buyer of factory products. Quite quickly, a monopoly arose, which subjugated the production of Gzhel, and since then all products have been shipped to the treasury warehouse.

Prospects

Currently, Gzhel is in demand more than ever. Factories and small workshops are operating at full capacity. All residents of the so-called Gzhel bush are engaged in the production of snow-white painted ceramics.

Even in distant, distant times, Gzhel was considered one of the most beautiful types of painting. From the historical side, Gzhel is a region consisting of 27 villages and bearing the name Gzhel Bush. We will tell and show you how to draw beautiful paintings in the Gzhel style yourself in original pictures in our article!

It is located approximately 60 km from Moscow. This type of painting is based on cool colors such as blue, cyan, black and a special brush stroke that creates shape and shadow.

Gzhel is usually used to paint dishes, ceramics, various utensils, sets and figurines. If you don’t know anything about how to paint with Gzhel, pay attention to our photo instructions on how to draw an unusual painting using the Gzhel technique with your own hands in pictures.

After familiarizing yourself with the materials, we invite you to learn how to draw a Gzhel painting step by step.

How to draw Gzhel painting in pictures for beginners

• Acrylic paint (blue, white)
• Mug
• Brushes (numbers 1,2,4)
• Acetone
• Pencil
• Paper
• Pliers

1. First of all, prepare the surface for work, thoroughly wash the mug and degrease it with acetone and cotton wool.
2. Draw a sketch on a piece of paper. To create a sketch, you can use ready-made drawings on the Internet, and if you have the necessary skills, then, of course, you should come up with it yourself, then the artistic value of your product will increase dramatically.
3. Squeeze brushes number 2 and 4 with pliers, spread blue paint on the tops and white paint on the bottom. Make back-and-forth movements on the sheet to create a gradient.
4. Mark on the mug with a circle where you will apply the image of the petals.
5. At the bottom of the mark we draw petals; first practice on paper so as not to accidentally smear them on the product.
6. Be sure to let the petals dry, acrylic dries quickly, but still don't take risks, then continue painting and finish the flower.
7. When the flower dries, paint the stamens in the middle with a thin brush, and with the same brush draw the stem and decorations for the leaves. The result already looks impressive.
8. Draw berries on the cup and fill the empty spaces with leaves.

This completes the work. To complete the composition, pour it into a cup of aromatic tea!

In addition to dishes, you can paint ceramic figurines, for example, pay attention to this horse figurine, it is also painted in Gzhel.

The animals shown in the photo are also painted with Gzhel. Even 60 years ago, such work would have seemed wild, but nowadays it is considered a beautiful and unusual product.

Pay attention to the painting of this magnificent service.

Initially, only dishes and figurines were painted with Gzhel, but nowadays any objects are painted with Gzhel, be it cabinets in the kitchen or jars for spices, you can even find clothes painted with Gzhel, but the most unusual find is a bag painted with Gzhel. You can create anything, as long as you have imagination and the desire to make the space around you a little more beautiful. In addition, objects painted with Gzhel can be an excellent gift for family and friends.

To create such a gift yourself and avoid mistakes, below are lessons on creating Gzhel painting, as well as master classes and some secrets that will definitely be useful to you in your work. Enjoy watching!

Video on this topic of the article

If you want to understand how to draw Gzhel painting in pictures, then this article is for you. Gzhel is a region near Moscow, fully called Gzhel Kust, which was engaged in painting of utensils, dishes, and furniture. How old exactly is this folk painting, no one knows for sure, but the first mentions of Gzhel as a painting are found in records of the fourteenth century.

First of all, we note that Gzhel masters were inspired by nature itself, therefore Gzhel painting is characterized by elements of vegetation (leaves, flowers, stems) and images of animals (often birds).

The masters not only did painting, but also created figurines and whistles - toys for children - to be painted. Popular figures are people (boys and girls), a bear, a rooster. Modern masters, departing from traditions, make figures of fish, cats, owls and any other animals, but retain the same technique of Gzhel painting.

You, too, like the Gzhel masters, can paint a figurine, mug or cutting board. But first, you need to learn a few techniques, understand how and how Gzhel painting differs from other folk painting. And most importantly, you need to practice on paper.

We will look at the technique of this painting step by step, from the simplest stroke to a complex finished pattern, and you yourself will be able to create beautiful “heavenly” things for yourself and your loved ones.

Let's get started

In order to make several patterns and pictures in the “Gzhel style”, you need to prepare:

• sheets of paper (it is best to take thick paper);
• gouache (you can also take acrylic paints for paper or watercolor);
• brushes (thin, medium and thick);
• water in a jar;
• palette;
• a rag;
• good mood and desire to learn new things.

Work progress

You should start with simple elements - droplets, dots, strokes and lines. By combining these elements, you can get recognizable Gzhel patterns. To begin, draw several parallel blue lines across the paper; they can go either horizontally under each other or at an angle.

Try to keep the lines not very thick (you can use a thin brush) and at a small distance from each other.

If you draw the same lines perpendicularly over the resulting lines, you will get shading - a common element of filling areas. You can add points to lines. To do this, lightly touch the paper with the tip of the brush. If you make a point with force, you will get a blue circle. You can draw smaller dots around it, and you will get a flower.

To make a drop, lightly press the brush onto the paper from base to tip. You will get an elongated droplet, which can then be used as a petal or leaf.

Next we move on to the lines. The lines in Gzhel are usually rounded, smooth, in the form of waves or curls. You can practice making curling lines, as if they were plant tendrils. You need to move the brush along the paper, gradually lifting it, then the line will be thick at the base and thin towards the end.

Also practice drawing wave lines, which can be useful for shaping the edges. Draw a “fence” of semicircles, and also draw lines with the same frequency of bends. You can add dots, shading and droplets to the lines.

Try to connect all the drawn elements: you can already get a flower or leaf on a stem.

Now you can master the stroke technique. To do this, it is better to take thicker brushes. Gzhel is distinguished by its gradient - from rich blue to white. There is no need to use two colors to create this effect; one blue color is enough.

In order to achieve a transition from blue to white, you need to wash off a little paint from one side of the brush, for example, from the tip, and sweep the entire width of the brush across the paper. You can also remove excess paint by moving the brush over the paper.

This technique can be used to draw petals, flowers, leaves, feathers.

Try playing with colors - blue, white and light blue. You can alternately dip the brush in white and blue paint and make strokes with shadow, observing how the paint is distributed. Don't be afraid to add more contrasting strokes on top of what you've already done. You can make a drawing with white and blue paints on a blue background, or vice versa - paint with blue paints on top of white ones.

The bright and unique, memorable and poetic art of Gzhel is popular all over the world. Scenes from everyday life and fairy-tale characters, made in various shades of blue on a snow-white background, attract the eye and fascinate.

There are no two identical Gzhel objects in the world, be it a cup, a sugar bowl or a plate, because each of them is hand-painted by the artist. In the article we will try to talk about the history of the development of the craft, the features of painting for which Gzhel is famous, how to draw its patterns and where it is better to start.

Where can I find it?

Just 60 kilometers from Moscow, on the banks of the Gzhelka River, is the ancient village of Gzhel. It got its name from the old Russian word “zhgel”, which means “to burn”. These lands are inhabited by Old Believers, who managed to preserve their traditional way of life and their beliefs even in modern life.

How it all began

Clay became the starting point thanks to which the art of Gzhel arose and developed through the centuries. It is in these places that the Gzhel-Kudinovskoye deposit of refractory clays is located. Local residents mined it and made utensils necessary for everyday life, decorating them to please themselves and others.

Since the 17th century, Gzhel peasants sent clay to the Moscow Apothecary Order for state needs. In the 18th century, clay from these very places helped solve the mystery of porcelain and was used to create the first Russian products from it.

In the 19th century, there were fewer and fewer craftsmen working alone; they united into artels, and the most successful ones opened their own, albeit small, factories.

Goda destroyed artels and workshops, leaving Gzhel craftsmen without work. Only in 1933 was the Gzhel Ceramic Factory created in the village of Turygino, which began to produce blue-and-white, and not multi-colored, as before, mugs, plates and other things necessary for the Soviet state.

In the post-war years folk craft is actively developing. In the works of that time one can already see how the art of Gzhel, the origins and modern development crafts, harmoniously combined, bring the artist’s skills to a new level.

In 1972 it was created Production association“Gzhel”, which united all production facilities existing at that time.

How is it made?

The art of Gzhel begins with the creation of a sketch of the future work. According to him, special master model makers make a model from plasticine, from which a plaster mold is already cast. When it hardens, it is cut lengthwise into two equal parts, into each of which slip is poured through rubber hoses - purified clay diluted with water. After drying, the product is removed from the mold with residual traces from the connectors, which are cleaned by the framers. The cleaned item is sent to an oven with a temperature of 900 0 C.

How is Gzhel painted?

After the hot stove, it’s time for painting, which begins with the transfer of the design invented by the artist onto the product, placed on a rotating tournette. Craftsmen have only one chance to recreate the intended pattern with precise movements, because the porous material instantly absorbs paint. A spatula, brushes, a glass palette and a jar of black cobalt oxide - that’s all the tools. Cobalt is a special paint intended for painting on ceramics. It remains black during application, changing color to blue only after firing. There is only one paint, but there are many shades of bright blue on the finished items! Such diversity is achieved by special techniques of Gzhel writing.

Peculiarities

Gzhel art refers to the so-called underglaze paintings, that is, done on a fired shard before applying glaze to it. After the design is applied, it is dipped into glaze, after which it is fired again, but at a temperature of +1350 0 C. The main painting techniques are a wide brushstroke, which allows you to create a smooth transition from dark blue to slightly blue. The pattern forms a continuous stroke, both wide and narrow, turning into a thin line.

Today we can talk about the formed system of Gzhel writing and that a special and unique style has been created - Gzhel.

Species

All diversity comes down to the creative use of its three main types:

• Floral, depicting stylized and generalized herbs, berries, cereals, leaves, garlands and bouquets. Most often, masters paint roses and daisies, lilies and carnations, poppies and dahlias, asters and peonies.
• Ornamental. It includes a variety of “checkers”, “tendrils”, “droplets”, “pearls” and “combs” - meshes used to fill the internal space of large elements, for example, a circle or a star.
• Plot. These are heroes and scenes from fairy tales, situations noticed by the artist in everyday urban and rural life, various states of nature and landscapes.

How to draw it?

If you like Gzhel, how to draw it, we will tell you. Firstly, you should not immediately try to draw a large and complex composition. It’s best to prepare white and blue gouache, squirrel brushes and a jar of water and try your hand at drawing simple straight lines, grids and dots, blades of grass and curls, arcs.

Then, when all this is mastered, you can begin to study the basic strokes used in painting. Try making a drawing using the Gzhel technique with your son or daughter. For children, this is not just fun, it is excellent educational entertainment! Such a joint activity will not only bring the family together and provide an opportunity to communicate, but will also help your child develop fine motor skills, perseverance, observation and memory.